摘要: In this study, the role of extraction barriers in transport layer (TL) optimization, a long-term misunderstanding has been clarified. It is generally believed that high extraction barriers (>0.026 eV) result in low power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, present research revealed that efficient charge separation could be achievable even with barriers as high as 0.3 eV. Then a comprehensive computational analysis of over 10,000 simulated solar cells was conducted, and a universal design principle: minimizing the voltage drop across the TL is the key for maintaining high PCE, regardless of the extraction barrier was identified. Experimental validation of this principle was followed in perovskite solar cells, and exceptional efficiency was achieved for 0.3 eV barrier, which was widely considered impossible before. To make these results practical, an evaluation factor (θ) was developed, which integrates various TL parameters including extraction barrier, thickness, carrier mobility, and dielectric constant into a single, easy-to-calculate metric. This tool enables rapid and overall assessment of TL effectiveness, significantly accelerating the design and optimization process.