Efficient nanozyme engineering for antibacterial therapy

doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac7068

1.
Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 202013, People’s Republic of China
2.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, bo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
3.
Jiangsu Agrochem Laboratory Co., Ltd, Chang Zhou 213022, People’s Republic of China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: hongbo.zhang@abo.fi

摘要

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a huge threat to human health. It is urgent to explore efficient ways to suppress the spread of AMR. Antibacterial nanozymes have become one of the powerful weapons to combat AMR due to their enzyme-like catalytic activity with a broad-spectrum antibacterial performance. However, the inherent low catalytic activity of nanozymes limits their expansion into antibacterial applications. In this regard, a variety of advanced chemical design strategies have been developed to improve the antimicrobial activity of nanozymes. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of advanced strategies to engineer efficient nanozymes for fighting against AMR, which can be mainly classified as catalytic activity improvement, external stimuli, bacterial affinity enhancement, and multifunctional platform construction according to the basic principles of engineering efficient nanocatalysts and the mechanism of nanozyme catalysis. Moreover, the deep insights into the effects of these enhancing strategies on the nanozyme structures and properties are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of antibacterial nanozymes are discussed for their future clinical potential.
- nanozymes /
- antimicrobial resistance /
- chemical design strategy /
- enhanced antibacterial activity
注释:

HTML全文

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Scheme 1. Illustration of proposed mechanism of nanozyme-based catalytic antibacterial therapy.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Scheme 2. Illustration of the types of antibacterial nanozymes resembling different natural enzymes and the enhancing strategies for improving the catalytic antibacterial activity of nanozymes.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 1. Bioinspired synthesis of SAzymes with enzyme-like active centers. (A) Atomically isolated Fe-N₄ sites on nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (SAF NCs) mimicking the active center of HRP. (i) HRP structure with corresponding active center. (ii) Schematic illustration of SAF NCs model and its catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ to ‧OH via the Fe-N₄ single sites. (iii) TEM image of SAF NCs. (iv) HAADF-STEM image of SAF NCs. The bright dots as some marked by yellow circles are single iron atoms. Reprinted with permission from [63] John Wiley & Sons [© 2019 Wiley-VCH GmbH]. (B) Monodispersed ZIF-8 derived carbon nanospheres with a zinc-centered porphyrin-like structure (PMCS). (i) Cytochrome c structure with corresponding active center. (ii) PMCS model mimicking the active center of cytochrome c. (iii) TEM image of PMCS. (iv) HAADF-STEM image of Cu SASs/NPC. Reprinted with permission from [66] John Wiley & Sons [© 2019 Wiley-VCH GmbH]. (C) Hollow N-doped carbon sphere doped with a single-atom copper species (Cu-HNCS) mimicking the active center of laccase. (i) Laccase structure with corresponding active center. (ii) Model of Cu-HNCS mimicking the active center of laccase. (iii) TEM image of Cu-HNCS. (iv) HAADF-STEM image of Cu-HNCS. Reprinted with permission from [73] John Wiley & Sons [© 2020 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 2. (A) (i) Catalytic mechanisms of decomposition of H₂O₂ into ‧OH over Fe-N₄-C SAzymes; (ii) energy diagrams of Fe, Co, Zn-N-C SAzymes in proposed reaction process; (iii) EPR signals of ‧OH for different M-N-C SAzymes; (iv) time-dependent absorbance of 3,3-,5,5--Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) catalyzed by Fe-C-N SAzymes with Fe-atom loading of 1.3 and 13.5 wt %, respectively. Reprinted with permission from [80]. © 2020, American Chemical Society. (B) (i) TEM image of R-CMs; (ii and iii) HRTEM image of RCMs; (iv) time-dependent absorbance changes at 652 nm of TMB for different MoS₂; (v) TA signal for different MoS₂ nanozymes under different conditions; (vi) proposed catalytic mechanism of decomposition of H₂O₂ into ‧OH over S-defect MoS₂; (vii) energy diagrams of S-defect MoS₂ in catalytic process. Reprinted with permission from [43]. John Wiley & Sons [© 2019 Wiley-VCH GmbH].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 3. (A) Schematic illustration of ATP stimulation for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ over Fe₃O₄ NPs for antibacterial application. Reprinted with permission from [38] © 2020 Elsevier. (B) Schematic illustration of glucose stimulation for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ over APGH nanozymes. Reprinted with permission from [90] John Wiley and Sons [© 2021 WileyVCH GmbH]. (C) Schematic illustration of visible light stimulation for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ over CuO NPs. Reprinted with permission from [39] © 2018, American Chemical Society. (D) Schematic illustration of NIR stimulation for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ over N-GDQDs/AuAg NC. Reprinted with permission from [35] © 2022 American Chemical Society. (E) Schematic illustration of AMF stimulation for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ over AIron NPs. Reprinted with permission from [92] © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 4. (A) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (i) and TEM (ii) images of R-CMs, and SEM images of interaction between R-CMs and bacteria (iii and iv). Reprinted with permission from [43] John Wiley & Sons [© 2019 Wiley-VCH GmbH]. (B) SEM (i) and TEM (ii) images of MoS₂/rGO VHS, and SEM images of interaction between MoS₂/rGO VHS and bacteria (iii and iv). Reprinted with permission from [81] John Wiley & Sons [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH]. (C) SEM (i) and TEM (ii) images of Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag, and SEM images of interaction between Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag and bacteria (iii and iv). Reprinted with permission from [82] © 2020 Elsevier B.V. (D) SEM (i) and TEM (ii) images of RCF, and SEM images of interaction between RCF and bacteria (iii and iv). Reprinted with permission from [102] © 2021, American Chemical Society.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 5. Pseudopodia-like MOF@COF nanozyme for antibacterial therapy. (A) (i) TEM image of NMC_TP-TTA and (ii-vi) corresponding element mappings of O, N, Fe, C, and Merge, respectively. (B) Morphologies of E. coli (i) and S. aureus (iv), and treated with NM-88 + H₂O₂ (ii and v) and NMC_TP-TTA + H₂O₂ (iii and vi). (C) In vivo catalytic therapy of S. aureus wound-infection. (i) Schematic illustration of treatment strategy; (ii) photographs of wound-healing performance treated by different nanozyme catalysts; (iii) corresponding photographs of bacterial colonies isolated from different treated wound; (iv) H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissues. Reprinted with permission from [58] John Wiley and Sons [© 2020 WileyVCH GmbH].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Table 1. Classification of antibacterial nanozymes based on chemical design strategies for enhancing antibacterial efficiency.

Strategies	Enhanced mechanism	Chemical approaches	Nanomaterials	Catalytic activity	K_m-H₂O₂ (mM)	V_max-H₂O₂ (10^-8 M s^-1)	Bacteria	Results	References
Catalytic activity improvement	Enzymic active centers mimicking	Pyrolysis and acid-etching of MOFs precursors to create metalloenzyme-like atomically dispersed MN_x active centers.	FeN₄-SAF NCs	POD-like activity	11.95	22.3	E. coli, S. aureus	The Fe-N₄-SAF and Fe-N₅ SA/CNF with active centers similar to HRP and cytochrome P450 shows much higher Vmax than Fe₃O₄ and CeO₂ NPs, respectively. MOF@COF showed enhanced activity as compare to blank MOFs.	[63]
			ZnN₄-PMCSs	POD-like activity	40.16	12.15	Pseudomonas aeruginosa		[66]
			CuN₄-SASs/NPC	POD-like activity			E. coli, MRSA		[64]
			FeN₅ SA/CNF	OXD-like activity	0.148 (TMB)	75.8 (TMB)	E. coli, S. aureus		[62]
		Control the growth of COFs to provide spatial microenvironment around active sites (MOFs).	NMC_TP-TTA	POD-like activity	0.458	57	E. coli, S. aureus		[58]
	Downsizing nanoparticles	Ultrathin 2D MOFs confine the growth of ultrasmall Au clusters by in-situ reduction.	UsAuNPs/MOFs	POD-like activity	7.94		E. coli, S. aureus	The UsAuNPs/MOFs, SA-Pt/g-C₃N₄-K, Fe-N-C SAzyme with small-sized metal clusters or single atom sites displayed enhanced catalytic activity compared to their large counterparts.	[20]
		Pyrolysis of atomically dispersed Pt, Fe supported precursors.	SA-Pt/g-C₃N₄-K	POD-like activity	0.002	175.0	E. coli		[27]
			Fe-N-C SAzyme	POD-like activity	4.84	11.8	E. coli, S. aureus		[61]
	Engineering defects	Bare Cu NWs, rGO, and Fe₃O₄ provided nucleation sites for the nucleation and growth of MoS₂ nanosheets with defect-rich edges.	R-CMs	POD-like activity	0.032		E. coli, S. aureus	The defect-rich edges for R-CMs, MoS₂/rGO, Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag enhanced their H₂O₂ affinity as compared to MoS₂.	[43]
			MoS₂/rGO	POD-like activity	0.26	25.6	E. coli, S. aureus		[81]
			Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag	POD-like activity	1.0	18.2	E. coli		[82]
	Composition regulation	N-doped sponge-like carbon spheres (N-SCSs) were prepared through the pyrolysis of colloidal silica/polyaniline assemblies. Cu-doped phosphate-based glass (Cu-PBG) was prepared by hydrothermal method.	N-SCSs Cu-PBG	POD-like activity POD-like activity	81.53	23.3	E. coli, S. aureusE. coli, S. aureus	N, B, Cu doping endows carbon materials or PBG with multi-enzyme activities.	[55] [83]
		CuCo₂S₄ can be controllably prepared by hydrothermal method, while Pd-Ir cubes can be synthesized by the wet chemical reduction method.	CuCo₂S₄	POD-like activity	209.9	23.3	E. coli, S. aureus MRSA	Bimetallic nanozymes with dual active sites shows remarkably synergistic enhancement in catalytic activity.	[84]
			Ir-Pd cubes	POD-like activity	0.034	5.1			[85]
		Ultrathin 2D MOFs supported ultrasmall Au nanoparticles were prepared by in situ reduction.	UsAuNPs/MOFs	POD-like activity	7.94		E. coli, S. aureus	2D MOFs significantly improved the catalytic activity of UsAuNPs/MOFs as compared to Au NPs.	[20]
		Different shaped Fe₃O₄ magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by solvent-thermal method, while bamboo-like nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles (N-CNTs@Co) were prepared by pyrolysis of cobalt cyanide cobalt at high temperature.	TO-shaped Fe₃O₄ MNPs Bamboo-like N-CNTs@Co	POD-like activity OXD-like activity	0.1 (TMB)	130 (TMB)	E. coli, S. aureus	Different shapes of Fe₃O₄ MNPs and N-CNTs@Co displayed different catalytic activity	[86] [87]
External stimuli	pH	The addition of ATP or the microenvironment having glucose can be used as a trigger to induce the changes of pH and even H₂O₂ concentration, thus resulting in enhanced POD-like activities. A hyaluronic acid capsule functionalized with aptamer-Pt NPs and glucose oxidase (APGH) was constructed to break the limitations of pH and H₂O₂.	ATP + Fe₃O₄ NPs APGH + glucose from bacteria	POD-like activity POD-like activity			E. coli, Bacillus subtilisS. aureus	With ATP, the ‧OH generation for Fe₃O₄ is about 17 folds higher than that without ATP at neutral pH, resulting in enhanced antibacterial efficiency. When bacteria interacted with APGH, the released glucose oxidase could catalyze glucose into glucose acid and H₂O₂, providing raw-materials for Pt NPs to catalytic the ‧OH generation.	[38] [90]
	Visible light	Introduction of semiconductor to fabricate nanozymes can be used to enhance the catalytic activity of nanozymes under visible light illumination.	CuO nanorods + light	POD-like activity	3.4 (in light) 14.8 (in dark)	10.9 (in light) 0.6 (in dark)	E. coli	With visible light irradiation, the nanozyme showed enhanced catalytic activity due to the improved affinity to H₂O₂.	[39]
			MoS₂/rGO + light	POD-like activity	0.26 (in dark)	25.6 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[81]
			TiO₂ NTs@MoS_{2 +} light	POD-like activity	0.085 (in dark)	120.5 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[45]
	NIR	The activity of nanozymes with absorption in NIR range can be enhanced by NIR irradiation.	Au/CeO₂ + NIR	POD-like activity	0.006 (with NIR) 0.007 (in dark)	133.4 (with NIR) 82.6 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus	The catalytic activities of nanozymes with strong NIR absorption can be significantly enhanced by NIR generated photothermal effect. Moreover, with semiconductor hybrid, the plasmonic effect can also produce hot carrier to further enhance the catalytic activities.	[91]
			N-GDQDs/AuAg NC + NIR	POD-like activity	0.72 (with NIR) 1.24 (in dark)	10.52 (with NIR) 4.75 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[35]
			Au NPTs + NIR	POD-like activity			MRSA, E. coli		[26]
			AuPt NDs + NIR	POD-like activity			E. coli, S. aureus		[32]
			NiS₂ NPs + NIR	POD-like activity			MRSA, E. coli		[48]
			WS₂ QDs + NIR	POD-like activity			Mu50, E. coli		[126]
			MoO_3-x NDs +NIR	POD-like activity	0.26 (in dark)	15.2 (in dark)	MRSA, E. coli		[127]
			R-CMs + NIR	POD-like activity	0.032 (in dark)		E. coli, S. aureus		[43]
			Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag + NIR	POD-like activity	1.0 (in dark)	18.2 (in dark)	E. coli		[82]
			PEG-MoS₂ NFs + NIR	POD-like activity			E. coli, B. subtilis		[106]
			Cu₂MoS₄ + NIR	POD/OXD-like activity	25.46 (in dark)	42.81 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA		[111]
			CuN₄-SASs/NPC + NIR	POD-like activity	11.95 (in dark)	22.3 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[63]
			CuN₄-SASs/NPC + NIR	POD-like activity			E. coli, MRSA		[64]
			Mesoporous FeN₄-C SAzymes + NIR	POD-like activity	4.84 (in dark)	11.8 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[61]
			RFC + NIRII	POD-like activity			E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA		[102]
			N-SCSs + NIR	POD/OXD-like activity	81.53 (in dark)	23.27 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[55]
			PEG@zirconium-ferrocene MOF + NIR	POD-like activity			E. coli		[107]
			ZIF8-PEG@Zn/Pt-CN + NIR	POD-like activity	0.067 (in dark)	5.11 (in dark)	E. coli, S. aureus		[128]
			UiO-66-NH-CO-MoS₂ + NIR	POD-like activity	0.23 (in dark)	15.7 (in dark)	MRSA, AREC		[129]
	AMF	Amorphous iron nanoparticles (AIronNPs) were prepared by chemical precipitation with PVP, F-127, and ammonium iron (III) citrate as raw materials	AIronNPs + AMF	POD-like activity	41.36 (with AMF) 117.23 (without AMF)	1.19 (with AMF) 1.45 (without AMF)	E. coli, S. aureus	The AMF can significantly improve the catalytic activity of AIronNPs due to the enhanced release of iron ions.	[92]
Bacterial affinity enhancement	Rough surface engineering	Bare Cu NWs, rGO, and Fe₃O₄ provided nucleation sites for the nucleation and growth of MoS₂ nanosheets with defect-rich edges, while RFC was synthesized by a three-step template-carbonization corrosion method.	R-CMs	POD-like activity	0.032		E. coli, S. aureus	Nanozymes with strong bacterial capture ability due to the rough surfaces can localize the ROS-mediated damages around the bacteria, thus resulting in the enhanced catalytic therapeutic efficiency.	[43]
			MoS₂/rGO	POD-like activity	0.26	25.6	E. coli, S. aureus		[81]
			Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag	POD-like activity	1.0	18.2	E. coli		[82]
			RFC	POD-like activity			E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA		[102]
	Pseudopodia mimicking	The growth of COFs on MOFs form pseudopodia-like shapes, allowing the bacterial capture.	NMC_TP-TTA	POD-like activity	0.458	57	E. coli, S. aureus		[58]
Multifunctional nanozyme-based platforms	PTT	Nanozymes with NIR absorption can be used for CDT and PTT combined nanoplatforms.	Listed in the part of NIR stimuli	CDT + PTT			E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, Mu50, AREC	Nanozymes with strong NIR absorption can be a benign nanoplatform for combining CDT and PTT for synergistic enhanced antibacterial applications.	As listed above
	Drug release	Using MOF-based nanozymes as nanocarriers to load metal ions or drugs due to the porosity and large surface area of MOFs.	Pd-MOF@PAzo@SNP	CDT + NO			E. coli, S. aureus, Biofilm	The MOF-nanozyme based nanoplatforms can be used as a good synergistic germicidal system for chronic wound disinfection.	[113]
			ZIF8/Au-GOx NPs	CDT + Zn²⁺			E. coli, S. aureus		[114]
			NH₂-MIL-88B(Fe)-Ag	CDT + Ag⁺			E. coli, S. aureus		[112]
			Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag	CDT + Ag⁺			E. coli		[82]
	Cascaded reactions	The cascaded nanozymes are generally composed of POD-like nanozymes and GOx, which can be easily loaded on nanomaterials by the electrostatic interaction.	APGH	Glucose oxidation + POD catalysis			S. aureus	Owing to cascaded reactions, the nanozymes can act even at neutral conditions without H₂O₂ addition Since GOx catalyze the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and H₂O₂.	[90]
			Fe₃O₄-GOx	Glucose oxidation + POD catalysis			E. coli, MRSA		[116]
			GOX-on-Fe-iCOF	Glucose oxidation + POD catalysis			E. coli, S. aureus		[117]
			Fe₂(MoO₄)₃@GOx	Glucose oxidation + POD catalysis			E. coli, MRSA		[118]
	Pro-inflammatory	CuFe₅O₈ nanocubes can be synthesized by the solvent-thermal method.	CuFe₅O₈ nanocubes	CDT + Pro-inflammatory			E. coli, S. aureus, Biofilm	CuFe₅O₈ nanocubes exhibit space-selective CDT and induce pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization for curing implant-related infection due to the different pH and H₂O₂ concentration inside and outside the biofilm.	[119]
	Hydrogel	Hydrogel can provide a versatile and porous framework of loading different kinds of nanomaterials for constructing a multifunctional platform for antibacterial therapy.	MoS₂-hydrogel	POD-like catalysis + bacterial capture			E. coli	Owing to the multiple functions of the hydrogel, the antibacterial therapeutic effect and wound healing efficacy can be significantly enhanced.	[70]
			MoS₂@TA/Fe-PVA/Dex hydrogels	POD/CAT like catalysis + PTT + tannic acid anti-inflammatory			E. coli, S. aureus		[122]
			Tannic acid chelated-Ag hydrogel	POD-like catalysis + Ag + tannic acid anti-inflammatory			Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli.		[124]
			CNT@MoS₂ hydrogels	POD/SOD/CAT-like catalysis + PTT			E. coli, S. aureus		[125]
Nanozymes without enhancements			HRP	POD-like activity	11.63	2.758			[66]
			Fe₃O₄ NPs	POD-like activity	150.5	0.292			[63]
			Nano-CeO₂	OXD-like activity	0.420 (TMB)	0.100 (TMB)			[130]
			NM-88	POD-like activity	0.913	21.3			[58]
			MSN-AuNPs	POD-like activity	15.81	17.30			[78]
			Pt-PCN	POD-like activity	7.362	0.252			[131]
			MoS₂	POD-like activity	60.87				[43]
			CuS	POD-like activity	264.1	12.6			[84]
			CoS	POD-like activity	114.5	5.9			[84]
			Pd cubes	POD-like activity	0.07	6.5			[85]

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(131)

[1]	Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators 2022 Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis Lancet 399 629-55 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
[2]	Tian R, et al 2022 Synergistic antibiosis with spatiotemporal controllability based on multiple-responsive hydrogel for infectious cutaneous wound healing Smart Mater. Med. 3 304-14 doi: 10.1016/j.smaim.2022.03.006
[3]	Shang Z, Chan S Y, Song Q, Li P, Huang W 2020 The strategies of pathogen-oriented therapy on circumventing antimicrobial resistance Research 2020 2016201 doi: 10.34133/2020/2016201
[4]	Baker S, Thomson N, Weill F-X, Holt K E 2018 Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens Science 360 733-8 doi: 10.1126/science.aar3777
[5]	Wu P, Chen D, Yang H, Lai C, Xuan C, Chen Y, Shi X 2021 Antibacterial peptide-modified collagen nanosheet for infected wound repair Smart Mater. Med. 2 172-81 doi: 10.1016/j.smaim.2021.06.002
[6]	en Karaman D, Ercan U K, Bakay E, Topalolu N, Rosenholm J M 2020 Evolving technologies and strategies for combating antibacterial resistance in the advent of the postantibiotic era Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1908783 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201908783
[7]	Gao F, Shao T, Yu Y, Xiong Y, Yang L 2021 Surface-bound reactive oxygen species generating nanozymes for selective antibacterial action Nat. Commun. 12 745 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-20965-3
[8]	Bi X, et al 2022 Boron doped graphdiyne: a metal-free peroxidase mimetic nanozyme for antibacterial application Nano Res. 15 1446-54 doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3685-4
[9]	Mei L, Zhu S, Liu Y, Yin W, Gu Z, Zhao Y 2021 An overview of the use of nanozymes in antibacterial applications Chem. Eng. J. 418 129431 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129431
[10]	Gao L, et al 2007 Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 577-83 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2007.260
[11]	Wei H, Gao L, Fan K, Liu J, He J, Qu X, Dong S, Wang E, Yan X 2021 Nanozymes: a clear definition with fuzzy edges Nano Today 40 101269 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101269
[12]	Zhang R, Yan X, Fan K 2021 Nanozymes inspired by natural enzymes Acc. Mater. Res. 2 534-47 doi: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00074
[13]	Zhu D, Chen H, Huang C, Li G, Wang X, Jiang W, Fan K 2022 H₂O₂ self-producing single-atom nanozyme hydrogels as light-controlled oxidative stress amplifier for enhanced synergistic therapy by transforming cold tumors Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2110268 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110268
[14]	Wang X, Zhong X, Liu Z, Cheng L 2020 Recent progress of chemodynamic therapy-induced combination cancer therapy Nano Today 35 100946 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100946
[15]	Hong C, Meng X, He J, Fan K, Yan X 2022 Nanozyme: a promising tool from clinical diagnosis and environmental monitoring to wastewater treatment Particuology 71 90-107 doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2022.02.001
[16]	Wang Q, Jiang J, Gao L 2022 Catalytic antimicrobial therapy using nanozymes WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 14 e1769 doi: 10.1002/wnan.1769
[17]	Tang G, He J, Liu J, Yan X, Fan K 2021 Nanozyme for tumor therapy: surface modification matters Exploration 1 75-89 doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210005
[18]	Wang Z, Zhang R, Yan X, Fan K 2020 Structure and activity of nanozymes: inspirations for de novo design of nanozymes Mater. Today 41 81-119 doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.08.020
[19]	Mirhosseini M, Shekari-Far A, Hakimian F, Haghiralsadat B F, Fatemi S K, Dashtestani F 2020 Core-shell Au@Co-Fe hybrid nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetic nanozyme for antibacterial application Process Biochem. 95 131-8 doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.003
[20]	Hu W-C, Younis M R, Zhou Y, Wang C, Xia X-H 2020 In situ fabrication of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles/2D MOFs hybrid as nanozyme for antibacterial therapy Small 16 2000553 doi: 10.1002/smll.202000553
[21]	Wang Z, Dong K, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Sun H, Ren J, Qu X 2017 Activation of biologically relevant levels of reactive oxygen species by Au/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanozyme for bacteria killing and wound disinfection Biomaterials 113 145-57 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.041
[22]	Liao X, Xu Q, Sun H, Liu W, Chen Y, Xia X-H, Wang C 2022 Plasmonic nanozymes: localized surface plasmonic resonance regulates reaction kinetics and antibacterial performance J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13 312-23 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03804
[23]	Zhong Y, Wang T, Lao Z, Lu M, Liang S, Cui X, Li Q-L, Zhao S 2021 Au-Au/IrO₂@Cu(PABA) reactor with tandem enzyme-mimicking catalytic activity for organic dye degradation and antibacterial application ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 21680-92 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c00126
[24]	Mu Q, Sun Y, Guo A, Xu X, Qin B, Cai A 2021 A bifunctionalized NiCo₂O₄-Au composite: intrinsic peroxidase and oxidase catalytic activities for killing bacteria and disinfecting wound J. Hazard. Mater. 402 123939 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123939
[25]	Xu Q, Liao X, Hu W, Liu W, Wang C 2021 Plasmon induced dual excited synergistic effect in Au/metal-organic frameworks composite for enhanced antibacterial therapy J. Mater. Chem. B 9 9606-14 doi: 10.1039/D1TB02141A
[26]	Yan L, et al 2021 Gold nanoplates with superb photothermal efficiency and peroxidase-like activity for rapid and synergistic antibacterial therapy Chem. Commun. 57 1133-6 doi: 10.1039/D0CC06925F
[27]	Fan Y, Gan X, Zhao H, Zeng Z, You W, Quan X 2022 Multiple application of SAzyme based on carbon nitride nanorod-supported Pt single-atom for H₂O₂ detection, antibiotic detection and antibacterial therapy Chem. Eng. J. 427 131572 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131572
[28]	Xi J, Wei G, An L, Xu Z, Xu Z, Fan L, Gao L 2019 Copper/carbon hybrid nanozyme: tuning catalytic activity by the copper state for antibacterial therapy Nano Lett. 19 7645-54 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02242
[29]	Yim G, Kim C Y, Kang S, Min D-H, Kang K, Jang H 2020 Intrinsic peroxidase-mimicking Ir nanoplates for nanozymatic anticancer and antibacterial treatment ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 41062-70 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c10981
[30]	Cao C, et al 2022 POD nanozyme optimized by charge separation engineering for light/pH activated bacteria catalytic/photodynamic therapy Signal Transduct. Target 7 86 doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00900-8
[31]	Lu C, Tang L, Gao F, Li Y, Liu J, Zheng J 2021 DNA-encoded bimetallic Au-Pt dumbbell nanozyme for high-performance detection and eradication of E. coli O157:H7 Biosens. Bioelectron. 187 113327 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113327
[32]	Zhang S, Lu Q, Wang F, Xiao Z, He L, He D, Deng L 2021 Gold-platinum nanodots with high-peroxidase-like activity and photothermal conversion efficiency for antibacterial therapy ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 37535-44 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c10600
[33]	Niu J, Zhao C, Liu C, Ren J, Qu X 2021 Bio-inspired bimetallic enzyme mimics as bio-orthogonal catalysts for enhanced bacterial capture and inhibition Chem. Mater. 33 8052-8 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02469
[34]	Sun D, et al 2020 Ultrasound-switchable nanozyme augments sonodynamic therapy against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection ACS Nano 14 2063-76 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08667
[35]	Zhu Z, et al 2022 Plasmon-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of nitrogen-doped graphdiyne oxide quantum dots/gold-silver nanocage heterostructures for antimicrobial applications Chem. Mater. 34 1356-68 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03952
[36]	Xiao J, Hai L, Li Y, Li H, Gong M, Wang Z, Tang Z, Deng L, He D 2022 An ultrasmall Fe₃O₄-decorated polydopamine hybrid nanozyme enables continuous conversion of oxygen into toxic hydroxyl radical via GSH-depleted cascade redox reactions for intensive wound disinfection Small 18 2105465 doi: 10.1002/smll.202105465
[37]	He Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cui M, Li G, Liu X, Fan H 2022 Magnetoresponsive nanozyme: magnetic stimulation on the nanozyme activity of iron oxide nanoparticles Sci. China Life Sci. 65 184-92 doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1907-6
[38]	Vallabani N V S, Vinu A, Singh S, Karakoti A 2020 Tuning the ATP-triggered pro-oxidant activity of iron oxide-based nanozyme towards an efficient antibacterial strategy J. Colloid Interface Sci. 567 154-64 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.099
[39]	Karim M N, et al 2018 Visible-light-triggered reactive-oxygen-species-mediated antibacterial activity of peroxidase-mimic CuO nanorods ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1 1694-704 doi: 10.1021/acsanm.8b00153
[40]	Chishti B, Fouad H, Seo H K, Alothman O Y, Ansari Z A, Ansari S G 2020 ATP fosters the tuning of nanostructured CeO₂ peroxidase-like activity for promising antibacterial performance New J. Chem. 44 11291-303 doi: 10.1039/C9NJ05955E
[41]	Ma W, Zhang T, Li R, Niu Y, Yang X, Liu J, Xu Y, Li C M 2020 Bienzymatic synergism of vanadium oxide nanodots to efficiently eradicate drug-resistant bacteria during wound healing in vivo J. Colloid Interface Sci. 559 313-23 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.040
[42]	Wang Y, Chen C, Zhang D, Wang J 2020 Bifunctionalized novel Co-V MMO nanowires: intrinsic oxidase and peroxidase like catalytic activities for antibacterial application Appl. Catal. B 261 118256 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118256
[43]	Cao F, Zhang L, Wang H, You Y, Wang Y, Gao N, Ren J, Qu X 2019 Defect-rich adhesive nanozymes as efficient antibiotics for enhanced bacterial inhibition Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 58 16236-42 doi: 10.1002/anie.201908289
[44]	Ma D, Xie C, Wang T, Mei L, Zhang X, Guo Z, Yin W 2020 Liquid-phase exfoliation and functionalization of MoS₂ nanosheets for effective antibacterial application ChemBioChem 21 2373-80 doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000195
[45]	Lin Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Xu Y 2021 Visible-light-driven photocatalysis-enhanced nanozyme of TiO₂ nanotubes@MoS₂ nanoflowers for efficient wound healing infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria Small 17 2103348 doi: 10.1002/smll.202103348
[46]	Luo Q, Li J, Wang W, Li Y, Li Y, Huo X, Li J, Wang N 2022 Transition metal engineering of molybdenum disulfide nanozyme for biomimicking anti-biofouling in seawater ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 14218-25 doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c00172
[47]	Ali S R, De M 2021 Thiolated ligand-functionalized MoS₂ nanosheets for peroxidase-like activities ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4 12682-9 doi: 10.1021/acsanm.1c03242
[48]	Wang X, et al 2020 Biodegradable nickel disulfide nanozymes with GSH-depleting function for high-efficiency photothermal-catalytic antibacterial therapy iScience 23 101281 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101281
[49]	Xi J, Zhang J, Qian X, An L, Fan L 2020 Using a visible light-triggered pH switch to activate nanozymes for antibacterial treatment RSC Adv. 10 909-13 doi: 10.1039/C9RA09343E
[50]	Bai Q, et al 2022 Plasmonic nanozyme of graphdiyne nanowalls wrapped hollow copper sulfide nanocubes for rapid bacteria-killing Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2112683 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202112683
[51]	Xie Y, Qian Y, Li Z, Liang Z, Liu W, Yang D, Qiu X 2021 Near-infrared-activated efficient bacteria-killing by lignin-based copper sulfide nanocomposites with an enhanced photothermal effect and peroxidase-like activity ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9 6479-88 doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01589
[52]	Mo S, Song Y, Lin M, Wang J, Zhang Z, Sun J, Guo D, Liu L 2022 Near-infrared responsive sulfur vacancy-rich CuS nanosheets for efficient antibacterial activity via synergistic photothermal and photodynamic pathways J. Colloid Interface Sci. 608 2896-906 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.014
[53]	Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Chen C 2020 Intrinsic oxidase-like nanoenzyme Co₄S₃/Co(OH)₂ hybrid nanotubes with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 29614-24 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05141
[54]	Xiu W, et al 2020 Biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanotheranostics for dual-mode imaging and hypoxia-relief-enhanced photodynamic therapy of bacterial infections Research 2020 9426453 doi: 10.34133/2020/9426453
[55]	Xi J, Wei G, Wu Q, Xu Z, Liu Y, Han J, Fan L, Gao L 2019 Light-enhanced sponge-like carbon nanozyme used for synergetic antibacterial therapy Biomater. Sci. 7 4131-41 doi: 10.1039/C9BM00705A
[56]	Tripathi K M, Ahn H T, Chung M, Le X A, Saini D, Bhati A, Sonkar S K, Kim M I, Kim T 2020 N, S, and P-Co-doped carbon quantum dots: intrinsic peroxidase activity in a wide ph range and its antibacterial applications ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6 5527-37 doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00831
[57]	Liu Y, Xu B, Lu M, Li S, Guo J, Chen F, Xiong X, Yin Z, Liu H, Zhou D 2022 Ultrasmall Fe-doped carbon dots nanozymes for photoenhanced antibacterial therapy and wound healing Bioactive Mater. 12 246-56 doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.023
[58]	Zhang L, Liu Z, Deng Q, Sang Y, Dong K, Ren J, Qu X 2021 Nature-inspired construction of MOF@COF nanozyme with active sites in tailored microenvironment and pseudopodia-like surface for enhanced bacterial inhibition Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 60 3469-74 doi: 10.1002/anie.202012487
[59]	Liu Z, Wang F, Ren J, Qu X 2019 A series of MOF/Ce-based nanozymes with dual enzyme-like activity disrupting biofilms and hindering recolonization of bacteria Biomaterials 208 21-31 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.04.007
[60]	Zhang S, Yang Z, Hao J, Ding F, Li Z, Ren X 2022 Hollow nanosphere-doped bacterial cellulose and polypropylene wound dressings: biomimetic nanocatalyst mediated antibacterial therapy Chem. Eng. J. 432 134309 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.134309
[61]	Feng Y, Qin J, Zhou Y, Yue Q, Wei J 2022 Spherical mesoporous Fe-N-C single-atom nanozyme for photothermal and catalytic synergistic antibacterial therapy J. Colloid Interface Sci. 606 826-36 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.054
[62]	Huang L, Chen J, Gan L, Wang J, Dong S 2019 Single-atom nanozymes Sci. Adv. 5 eaav5490 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5490
[63]	Huo M, Wang L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Shi J 2019 Construction of single-iron-atom nanocatalysts for highly efficient catalytic antibiotics Small 15 1901834 doi: 10.1002/smll.201901834
[64]	Wang X, Shi Q, Zha Z, Zhu D, Zheng L, Shi L, Wei X, Lian L, Wu K, Cheng L 2021 Copper single-atom catalysts with photothermal performance and enhanced nanozyme activity for bacteriainfected wound therapy Bioactive Mater. 6 4389-401 doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.024
[65]	Zhao Y, et al 2021 A highly accessible copper single-atom catalyst for wound antibacterial application Nano Res. 14 4808-13 doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3432-x
[66]	Xu B, et al 2019 A single-atom nanozyme for wound disinfection applications Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 58 4911-6 doi: 10.1002/anie.201813994
[67]	Yu Y, et al 2022 Theory-screened MOF-based single-atom catalysts for facile and effective therapy of biofilm-induced periodontitis Chem. Eng. J. 431 133279 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133279
[68]	Jiang D, Ni D, Rosenkrans Z T, Huang P, Yan X, Cai W 2019 Nanozyme: new horizons for responsive biomedical applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 48 3683-704 doi: 10.1039/C8CS00718G
[69]	Wu W, Huang L, Wang E, Dong S 2020 Atomic engineering of single-atom nanozymes for enzyme-like catalysis Chem. Sci. 11 9741-56 doi: 10.1039/D0SC03522J
[70]	Sang Y, Li W, Liu H, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu Z, Ren J, Qu X 2019 Construction of nanozyme-hydrogel for enhanced capture and elimination of bacteria Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1900518 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201900518
[71]	Huang Y, Ren J, Qu X 2019 Nanozymes: classification, catalytic mechanisms, activity regulation, and applications Chem. Rev. 119 4357-412 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00672
[72]	Wei M, Lee J, Xia F, Lin P, Hu X, Li F, Ling D 2021 Chemical design of nanozymes for biomedical applications Acta Biomater. 126 15-30 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.036
[73]	Lu X, Gao S, Lin H, Yu L, Han Y, Zhu P, Bao W, Yao H, Chen Y, Shi J 2020 Bioinspired copper single-atom catalysts for tumor parallel catalytic therapy Adv. Mater. 32 2002246 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002246
[74]	Kim M S, Lee J, Kim H S, Cho A, Shim K H, Le T N, An S S A, Han J W, Kim M I, Lee J 2020 Heme cofactor-resembling Fe-N single site embedded graphene as nanozymes to selectively detect H₂O₂ with high sensitivity Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1905410 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201905410
[75]	Ensign A A, Jo I, Yildirim I, Krauss T D, Bren K L 2008 Zinc porphyrin: a fluorescent acceptor in studies of Zn-cytochrome c unfolding by fluorescence resonance energy transfer Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105 10779-84 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0802737105
[76]	Ducros V, Brzozowski A M, Wilson K S, Brown S H, stergaard P, Schneider P, Yaver D S, Pedersen A H, Davies G J 1998 Crystal structure of the type-2 Cu depleted laccase from Coprinus cinereus at 2.2 resolution Nat. Struct. Biol. 5 310-6 doi: 10.1038/nsb0498-310
[77]	Liao J J-L 2007 Molecular recognition of protein kinase binding pockets for design of potent and selective kinase inhibitors J. Med. Chem. 50 409-24 doi: 10.1021/jm0608107
[78]	Tao Y, Ju E, Ren J, Qu X 2015 Bifunctionalized mesoporous silica-supported gold nanoparticles: intrinsic oxidase and peroxidase catalytic activities for antibacterial applications Adv. Mater. 27 1097-104 doi: 10.1002/adma.201405105
[79]	Chang M, Hou Z, Wang M, Yang C, Wang R, Li F, Liu D, Peng T, Li C, Lin J 2021 Single-atom Pd nanozyme for ferroptosis-boosted mild-temperature photothermal therapy Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 60 12971-9 doi: 10.1002/anie.202101924
[80]	Jiao L, et al 2020 Densely isolated FeN₄ sites for peroxidase mimicking ACS Catal. 10 6422-9 doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01647
[81]	Wang L, et al 2020 Defect-rich adhesive molybdenum disulfide/rGO vertical heterostructures with enhanced nanozyme activity for smart bacterial killing application Adv. Mater. 32 2005423 doi: 10.1002/adma.202005423
[82]	Wei F, Cui X, Wang Z, Dong C, Li J, Han X 2021 Recoverable peroxidase-like Fe₃O₄@MoS₂-Ag nanozyme with enhanced antibacterial ability Chem. Eng. J. 408 127240 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127240
[83]	Liu Y, Nie N, Tang H, Zhang C, Chen K, Wang W, Liu J 2021 Effective antibacterial activity of degradable copper-doped phosphate-based glass nanozymes ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 11631-45 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c22746
[84]	Li D, Guo Q, Ding L, Zhang W, Cheng L, Wang Y, Xu Z, Wang H, Gao L 2020 Bimetallic CuCo₂S₄ nanozymes with enhanced peroxidase activity at neutral pH for combating burn infections ChemBioChem 21 2620-7 doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000066
[85]	Xia X, Zhang J, Lu N, Kim M J, Ghale K, Xu Y, McKenzie E, Liu J, Ye H 2015 Pd-Ir core-shell nanocubes: a type of highly efficient and versatile peroxidase mimic ACS Nano 9 9994-10004 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03525
[86]	Puvvada N, Panigrahi P K, Mandal D, Pathak A 2012 Shape dependent peroxidase mimetic activity towards oxidation of pyrogallol by H₂O₂ RSC Adv. 2 3270-3 doi: 10.1039/c2ra01081j
[87]	He S, Huang J, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Xu Z, Zhang W 2021 Bamboo-like nanozyme based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles for wound antibacterial applications Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 2105198 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202105198
[88]	Wang X, Zhong X, Zha Z, He G, Miao Z, Lei H, Luo Q, Zhang R, Liu Z, Cheng L 2020 Biodegradable CoS₂ nanoclusters for photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic therapy Appl. Mater. Today 18 100464 doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.100464
[89]	Vallabani N V S, Singh S, Karakoti A S 2019 Investigating the role of ATP towards amplified peroxidase activity of iron oxide nanoparticles in different biologically relevant buffers Appl. Surf. Sci. 492 337-48 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.06.177
[90]	Chen L, Xing S, Lei Y, Chen Q, Zou Z, Quan K, Qing Z, Liu J, Yang R 2021 A glucose-powered activatable nanozyme breaking pH and H₂O₂ limitations for treating diabetic infections Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 60 23534-9 doi: 10.1002/anie.202107712
[91]	Liu C, Zhang M, Geng H, Zhang P, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, He W 2021 NIR enhanced peroxidase-like activity of Au@CeO₂ hybrid nanozyme by plasmon-induced hot electrons and photothermal effect for bacteria killing Appl. Catal. B 295 120317 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120317
[92]	Gao F, Li X, Zhang T, Ghosal A, Zhang G, Fan H M, Zhao L 2020 Iron nanoparticles augmented chemodynamic effect by alternative magnetic field for wound disinfection and healing J. Control. Release 324 598-609 doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.003
[93]	Shi S, et al 2018 Iron oxide nanozyme suppresses intracellular Salmonella Enteritidis growth and alleviates infection in vivo Theranostics 8 6149-62 doi: 10.7150/thno.29303
[94]	Chen Z, Yin J-J, Zhou Y-T, Zhang Y, Song L, Song M, Hu S, Gu N 2012 Dual enzyme-like activities of iron oxide nanoparticles and their implication for diminishing cytotoxicity ACS Nano 6 4001-12 doi: 10.1021/nn300291r
[95]	Wiegand C, Abel M, Ruth P, Elsner P, Hipler U C 2015 pH Influence on antibacterial efficacy of common antiseptic substances Skin Pharmacol. Phys. 28 147-58 doi: 10.1159/000367632
[96]	Vallabani N V S, Karakoti A S, Singh S 2017 ATP-mediated intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of Fe₃O₄-based nanozyme: one step detection of blood glucose at physiological pH Colloids Surf. B 153 52-60 doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.004
[97]	Lin Y, Huang Y, Ren J, Qu X 2014 Incorporating ATP into biomimetic catalysts for realizing exceptional enzymatic performance over a broad temperature range NPG Asia Mater. 6 e114 doi: 10.1038/am.2014.42
[98]	Xu C, Pu K 2021 Second near-infrared photothermal materials for combinational nanotheranostics Chem. Soc. Rev. 50 1111-37 doi: 10.1039/D0CS00664E
[99]	Qiang L, Jin H, Feng Y, Wu R, Song Y, Liu L 2021 Apoptosis-like bacterial death modulated by photoactive hyperthermia nanomaterials and enhanced wound disinfection application Nanoscale 13 14785-94 doi: 10.1039/D1NR02881B
[100]	Feng Y, Chen Q, Yin Q, Pan G, Tu Z, Liu L 2019 Reduced graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanostar nanocomposites for synergistically killing bacteria through intrinsic antimicrobial activity and photothermal ablation ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2 747-56 doi: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00608
[101]	Chen Q, Zhang L, Feng Y, Shi F, Wang Y, Wang P, Liu L 2018 Dual-functional peptide conjugated gold nanorods for the detection and photothermal ablation of pathogenic bacteria J. Mater. Chem. B 6 7643-51 doi: 10.1039/C8TB01835A
[102]	Liu Z, Zhao X, Yu B, Zhao N, Zhang C, Xu F-J 2021 Rough carbon-iron oxide nanohybrids for near-infrared-ii light-responsive synergistic antibacterial therapy ACS Nano 15 7482-90 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00894
[103]	Liu L, Pan X, Liu S, Hu Y, Ma D 2021 Near-infrared light-triggered nitric oxide release combined with low-temperature photothermal therapy for synergetic antibacterial and antifungal Smart Mater. Med. 2 302-13 doi: 10.1016/j.smaim.2021.08.003
[104]	Gui H, Feng Y, Qiang L, Sun T, Liu L 2021 Core/shell structural ultra-small gold and amyloid peptide nanocomposites with effective bacterial surface adherence and enhanced antibacterial photothermal ablation Smart Mater. Med. 2 46-55 doi: 10.1016/j.smaim.2020.12.001
[105]	Zhu X, Chen X, Jia Z, Huo D, Liu Y, Liu J 2021 Cationic chitosan@Ruthenium dioxide hybrid nanozymes for photothermal therapy enhancing ROS-mediated eradicating multidrug resistant bacterial infection J. Colloid Interface Sci. 603 615-32 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.073
[106]	Yin W, Yu J, Lv F, Yan L, Zheng L R, Gu Z, Zhao Y 2016 Functionalized nano-MoS₂ with peroxidase catalytic and near-infrared photothermal activities for safe and synergetic wound antibacterial applications ACS Nano 10 11000-11 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05810
[107]	Wang X, Sun X, Bu T, Wang Q, Zhang H, Jia P, Li L, Wang L 2021 Construction of a photothermal hydrogel platform with two-dimensional PEG@zirconium-ferrocene MOF nanozymes for rapid tissue repair of bacteria-infected wounds Acta Biomater. 135 342-55 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.022
[108]	Craig L, Pique M E, Tainer J A 2004 Type IV pilus structure and bacterial pathogenicity Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 363-78 doi: 10.1038/nrmicro885
[109]	Song H, Ahmad Nor Y, Yu M, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Xu C, Mitter N, Yu C 2016 Silica nanopollens enhance adhesion for long-term bacterial inhibition J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 6455-62 doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b00243
[110]	Roberts R E, Hallett M B 2019 Neutrophil cell shape change: mechanism and signalling during cell spreading and phagocytosis Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20 1383 doi: 10.3390/ijms20061383
[111]	Shan J, Yang K, Xiu W, Qiu Q, Dai S, Yuwen L, Weng L, Teng Z, Wang L 2020 Cu₂MoS₄ nanozyme with NIR-II light enhanced catalytic activity for efficient eradication of multidrug-resistant bacteria Small 16 2001099 doi: 10.1002/smll.202001099
[112]	Zhang W, Ren X, Shi S, Li M, Liu L, Han X, Zhu W, Yue T, Sun J, Wang J 2020 Ionic silver-infused peroxidase-like metal-organic frameworks as versatile antibiotic’ for enhanced bacterial elimination Nanoscale 12 16330-8 doi: 10.1039/D0NR01471K
[113]	Huang T, Yu Z, Yuan B, Jiang L, Liu Y, Sun X, Liu P, Jiang W, Tang J 2022 Synergy of light-controlled Pd nanozymes with NO therapy for biofilm elimination and diabetic wound treatment acceleration Mater. Today Chem. 24 100831 doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100831
[114]	Wang M, et al 2022 Triple-synergistic MOF-nanozyme for efficient antibacterial treatment Bioactive Mater. 17 289-99 doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.036
[115]	Nong W, Chen Y, Lv D, Yan Y, Zheng X, Shi X, Xu Z, Guan W, Wu J, Guan Y 2022 Metal-organic framework based nanozyme hybrid for synergistic bacterial eradication by lysozyme and light-triggered carvacrol release Chem. Eng. J. 431 134003 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.134003
[116]	Du X, Jia B, Wang W, Zhang C, Liu X, Qu Y, Zhao M, Li W, Yang Y, Li Y-Q 2022 pH-switchable nanozyme cascade catalysis: a strategy for spatial-temporal modulation of pathological wound microenvironment to rescue stalled healing in diabetic ulcer J. Nanobiotechnol. 20 12 doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01215-6
[117]	Zhang Y, Li D, Xu Y, Niu Y 2022 Application of a cascaded nanozyme in infected wound recovery of diabetic mice ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 8 1522-31 doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1021c01590
[118]	Li Y, Wang L, Liu H, Pan Y, Li C, Xie Z, Jing X 2021 Ionic covalent-organic framework nanozyme as effective cascade catalyst against bacterial wound infection Small 17 2100756 doi: 10.1002/smll.202100756
[119]	Guo G, et al 2020 Space-selective chemodynamic therapy of CuFe₅O₈ nanocubes for implant-related infections ACS Nano 14 13391-405 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05255
[120]	Feng X, Hou X, Cui C, Sun S, Sadik S, Wu S, Zhou F 2021 Mechanical and antibacterial properties of tannic acid-encapsulated carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels Eng. Regen. 2 57-62 doi: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.05.002
[121]	Wu H, Li F, Shao W, Gao J, Ling D 2019 Promoting angiogenesis in oxidative diabetic wound microenvironment using a nanozyme-reinforced self-protecting hydrogel ACS Cent. Sci. 5 477-85 doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00850
[122]	Li Y, Fu R, Duan Z, Zhu C, Fan D 2022 Construction of multifunctional hydrogel based on the tannic acid-metal coating decorated MoS₂ dual nanozyme for bacteria-infected wound healing Bioactive Mater. 9 461-74 doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.023
[123]	Li Y, Yu P, Wen J, Sun H, Wang D, Liu J, Li J, Chu H 2022 Nanozyme-based stretchable hydrogel of low hysteresis with antibacterial and antioxidant dual functions for closely fitting and wound healing in movable parts Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 2110720 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110720
[124]	Jia Z, Lv X, Hou Y, Wang K, Ren F, Xu D, Wang Q, Fan K, Xie C, Lu X 2021 Mussel-inspired nanozyme catalyzed conductive and self-setting hydrogel for adhesive and antibacterial bioelectronics Bioactive Mater. 6 2676-87 doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.033
[125]	Li Y, Fu R, Duan Z, Zhu C, Fan D 2022 Adaptive hydrogels based on nanozyme with dual-enhanced triple enzyme-like activities for wound disinfection and mimicking antioxidant defense system Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11 2101849 doi: 10.1002/adhm.202101849
[126]	Xu M, et al 2020 Near-infrared-controlled nanoplatform exploiting photothermal promotion of peroxidase-like and oxd-like activities for potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm therapies ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 50260-74 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c14451
[127]	Zhang Y, Li D, Tan J, Chang Z, Liu X, Ma W, Xu Y 2021 Near-infrared regulated nanozymatic/photothermal/photodynamic triple-therapy for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections via oxygen-vacancy molybdenum trioxide nanodots Small 17 2005739 doi: 10.1002/smll.202005739
[128]	Wang X, Sun X, Bu T, Wang Q, Jia P, Dong M, Wang L 2022 In situ fabrication of metal-organic framework derived hybrid nanozymes for enhanced nanozyme-photothermal therapy of bacteria-infected wounds Composites B 229 109465 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109465
[129]	Liao Z-Y, et al 2022 Metal-organic framework modified MoS₂ nanozyme for synergetic combating drug-resistant bacterial infections via photothermal effect and photodynamic modulated peroxidase-mimic activity Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11 2101698 doi: 10.1002/adhm.202101698
[130]	Cheng H, Lin S, Muhammad F, Lin Y-W, Wei H 2016 Rationally modulate the oxidase-like activity of nanoceria for self-regulated bioassays ACS Sens. 1 1336-43 doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00500
[131]	Shi W, Fan H, Ai S, Zhu L 2015 Honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped porous carbon supporting Pt nanoparticles as enzyme mimic for colorimetric detection of cholesterol Sens. Actuators B 221 1515-22 doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.157