Recent advances and future perspectives for aqueous zinc-ion capacitors

doi: 10.1088/2752-5724/ac4263

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China

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Corresponding author: E-mail: cy.zhi@cityu.edu.hk

摘要

Abstract: Ion-hybrid capacitors are expected to combine the high specific energy of battery-type materials and the superior specific power of capacitor-type materials and are considered as a promising energy storage technique. In particular, aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZIC), possessing the merits of high safety, cost-efficiency and eco-friendliness, have been widely explored with various electrode materials and electrolytes to obtain excellent electrochemical performance. In this review, we first summarize the research progress on enhancing the specific capacitance of capacitor-type materials and review the research on improving the cycling capability of battery-type materials under high current densities. Then, we look back on the effects of electrolyte engineering on the electrochemical performance of ZIC. Finally, we propose research challenges and development directions for ZIC. This review provides guidance for the design and construction of high-performance ZIC.
- zinc ion capacitor /
- supercapacitor /
- zinc ion battery /
- electrochemical capacitor /
- porous carbon
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Figure 1. Schematic illustrations of (a) supercapacitor, (b) cation rechargeable battery, and (c) ion hybrid capacitor.

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Figure 2. EDLC behaviors of carbonaceous materials. Typical (a) CV curves and (b) GCD profiles of EDLC behaviors. Reproduced from [18], Copyright (2018), with permission from Elsevier. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of carbonaceous materials with various morphologies including (c) porous carbon. [23] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH] (d) carbon quantum dots. Reprinted with permission from [24]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society; (e) carbon fibers. [25] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim]; (f) graphene. Reprinted from [26], Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier; (g) MOF-derived carbon. Reprinted from [27], Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier; (h) carbon hollow sphere. Reprinted from [20], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier (i) bowl-like carbon. [22] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH].

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Figure 3. Pseudocapacitance behaviors of carbonaceous materials. (a) and (b) The CV curves and GCD profiles comparison of Zn-PC and Zn-OPC. Reprinted from [40], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier. (c) The schematic illustration of energy storage mechanism of carbonaceous materials with surface redox group during the charging and discharging process. [41] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH]. (d) The schematic of surface oxygen substituents enhanced EDLC and surface redox pseudocapacitance charge storage mechanism. [43] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH].

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Figure 4. Exploration of two-dimensional cathode materials for ZIC. (a) The ex-situ Raman test of MXene during the electrochemical process and corresponding GCD curve. Reprinted from [47], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier. (b) Schematic diagram of Zn-MXene-rGO ion hybrid capacitor. [49] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim]. (c) Schematic diagram of Zn-BP ion hybrid capacitor and (d) the anti-self-discharge ability comparison of Zn-BP capacitor and other ion hybrid capacitors. [59] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim]. (e) and (f) the CV curves and GCD profiles of Zn-siloxene ion hybrid capacitor, respectively. Reprinted with permission from [61]. Copyright (2021) American Chemical Society.

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Figure 5. Other promising capacitor-type materials for ZIC. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of a TDP cathode and the configuration of a Zn-TDP ion hybrid capacitor and (b) the CV curves comparison of a TDP cathode, a bare AC coating cathode and a carbon fabric cathode. Reproduced from [66] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Schematic illustration of the configuration and electrochemical behaviors of Zn-PA-COF ion hybrid capacitor and (d) the initial three CV curves of Zn-PA-COF. Reprinted with permission from [67]. Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society. (e) Schematics of the electrochemical process of a Zn-TiN ion hybrid capacitor. [68] John Wiley & Sons. [© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH].

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Figure 6. Modification of zinc anode. (a) Schematic illustrations of the striping/plating process of bare zinc foil and zinc anode with CNTs paper coated and (b) the electrochemical performance of symmetric cells with and without CNTs paper coated. Reprinted from [93], Copyright (2020), with permission from Elsevier. (c) and (d) deposition process illustration of zinc anode with and without ZIF-8/CC interfacial structure respectively; (e) and (f) the CV curves and cycling stability comparison of ZIC, ZIC-CC and ZIC-CC/ZIF-8 respectively. (c-f) reproduced from [99] with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Figure 7. The exploration and modification of metal oxides electrode materials. (a) SEM image of MnO₂ nanorods; (b) and (c) CV curves and GCD profiles of an AC-MnO₂ ZIC respectively. Reprinted from [104], Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. (d) Optical images of a MXene anode and a MnO₂-CNTs cathode. (e) and (f) The CV curves and GCD profiles of a Ti₃C₂T_x-MnO₂/CNTs ZIC respectively. (g) SEM image of V₂O₅ film. (h) and (i) The CV curves and GCD profiles of a MXene-V₂O₅ ZIC respectively. (g-h) reprinted from [54], Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier.

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